Second, the bottom-up approach puts greater emphasis on the necessity to understand the social, political and economic processes that create societal vulnerability to hazard. through land-use planning, and the design and implementation of building codes). through public awareness and hazard training programs) and hazard planning and regulation (e.g. First, the top-down approach focuses on improved hazard and disaster response (e.g. In terms of the natural hazard response, two major approaches have been recognized and addressed. It takes a long time to recover from a disaster and regain normalcy. This new perspective confirms that disasters do not occur, but are caused. In fact, a natural hazard becomes a disaster when it causes deaths, injury, and material losses. earthquakes) are better understood, then the potential consequences of injury, damages, and deaths may be assessed, and an overall plan to produce sustainable disaster management strategies and decrease risk can be created and implemented.īecause of its unpredictable nature injury, death, and damages from earthquake, human life and property are often more vulnerable to this natural disaster. These findings were vital in gaining an insight into hazard perception and high-risk behavior in a seismically active region like Libya. Most participants considered themselves well-informed about earthquakes from popular media sources (internet, TV, magazines). However, less-educated respondents stated “I do not know”, “Allah punishes”, or “Allah tests the believers”. Surprisingly, highly educated respondents were less prepared, however, they also attributed earthquakes to tectonic slipping and not divine retaliation or retribution. Most respondents did not consider preparation to be important, but younger respondents were relatively more prepared. The majority believed their neighborhoods were unsafe while questions illiciting some aspect of quake recurrence caused a complete refusal to answer they commented “I do not know” or “only God knows”. It was found that during earthquakes most respondents prayed to Allah, or did nothing, in comparison to escape, seeking shelter, or running for help. A number of predictable, surprising, and valuable correlations were found. Surveys were conducted in Arabic and included demographic and narrative questions in addition to Likert-scaled responses. In 2019, 364 earthquake survivors and residents were surveyed for their knowledge and perception of earthquakes. This survey study was designed and conducted to assess the perceptions of seismic hazard and risk of earthquake survivors and residents in Al-Marj, Libya-a city razed in a 1963 tremor. These perceptions then mold the broader perceptions of risk and danger held by communities, which ultimately create public policy. Individual beliefs, knowledge, and perception play a vital role in understanding and coping with the consequences of earthquakes.
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